Nanobots and Pharmacological Interventions: A Future Perspective on Eradicating Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis

Abstract

Background: Multidrug Resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major global public health concern due to treatment failure, prolonged treatment duration and non-compliance. These granulomatous lesions cannot be easily surrounded by conventional drug treatment, thus providing an opportunity for survival of M. tuberculosis. All those limitations would be canceled at the revolutionary level, thanks to nanotech and in particular nanobots. Objective: In this study the application of the nanobots in the future and novel pharmacological agents for improving drug delivery system for TB strains developed resistance and effectiveness of drug therapy in the treatment of MDR-TB will be studied. Materials and methods: Systematic literature review (SLR) for recent updates of drug delivery systems and nanobots design and pharmacological intervention against tuberculosis (anti-TB) using peer-reviewed PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct databases (2015-2025). MDR-TB was chosen as a case study and new technologies were tested theoretically and experimentally for their applicability in treatment applications. Results: Nanobots have been shown able to navigate complex biological environments while specifically targeting pathology-laden macrophages and the selective delivery of drugs for controlled action. In addition to the recently developed pharmacological agents such as bedaquiline and delamanid, nanoparticle drug delivery would have an effect of sustaining the therapeutic concentration at sites of infection, while avoiding systemic toxicity and potentially shortening the therapeutic time course. Conclusion: Synergies based on the pharmacological aspects of nanobots are at the developmental stages, but it represents a paradigm shift in the treatment of MDR TB. Further collaborative research could transform these newly developed tools into powerful drugs to stop treatment even from strains of TB that are resistant to those drugs.