Optimization of Crude Oil Bioremediation in Water Using Cassava Mash as a Natural Biocarrier

Abstract

Natural biocarrier such as cassava mash and aspergillus Niger fungus, were used to treat crude oil-contaminated water. Prior to and following crude oil contamination, the biocarrier was tested for chemical makeup in relation to macro and micronutrients that promote microbial processes. The biocarriers were found to contain micro and macro nutrients such as carbon, potassium, fiber, calcium, iron, nitrogen, protein, phosphorus, carbohydrates, sodium, cellulose, and lignin. These nutrients stimulated microbial activities for biodegradation. Functional group analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the biocarriers include compounds promoted microbial growth. Greco-Latin square design and response surface methods (Box-Behnken) were used for statistical and Optimization studies.  Operating conditions were determined through statistical and optimization analysis. The optimal conditions for cassava mash biocarrier were 67.25% TPH removed at 29 days, at 310C, pH 7, and dosage of 8 grams. This study's findings suggest that organic biocarriers such as cassava mash can bioremediate sites more effectively than traditional inorganic fertilizers by feeding microorganisms instead of chemical fertilizers.