Hepatic Echinococcosis and Pulmonary Echinococcosis in Human, Pathogenesis, Clinical Symptoms and Treatment

Abstract

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the larval stages of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. Worldwide, pulmonary and hepatic hydatid cyst is a significant problem medically, socially, and economically. As a result, a large number of people are affected by CE. In humans, the disease is characterized by slowly growing cyst commonly occurring in liver and lungs. Clinical features are mainly right upper quadrant pain, feeling of lump and enlarged tender liver. in addition to enlarged in lungs. The cyst may be complicated by infection or rupture and may lead to anaphylactic reaction. Surgery is still the best treatment modality. New sensitive and specific diagnostic methods and effective therapeutic approaches against echinococcosis have been developed in the last years. This review will focus on lung and liver hydatid disease, pathogenesis and treatment.