Parental Involvement and Student Behavior in School Settings: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

This review highlights the crucial role of parental engagement in shaping children’s educational outcomes, influencing their academic performance, school attendance, self-confidence, and social growth. Active involvement at home fosters productive learning habits, while participation in school and community initiatives enhances support networks that contribute to student success. Teachers serve as key facilitators, as their encouragement often determines the extent and quality of family participation. Nonetheless, not all communities experience this involvement equally. Research indicates that parents from marginalized backgrounds, particularly Black families, face systemic challenges that restrict the effectiveness of their engagement. Even when they participate actively, their efforts are sometimes overlooked or undervalued—especially in matters related to student discipline—resulting in inequitable experiences. These insights suggest that authentic school–family partnerships should extend beyond periodic meetings or events; they must be grounded in mutual trust, inclusivity, and appreciation of diverse family contributions. Future programs should aim to establish fair and sustained collaboration between families and schools to promote both academic excellence and positive student behavior across all learners.