THE MEDICINAL LEECHES ARE USED IN PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY

Abstract

The use of medicinal leeches (Hirudo medicinalis) has re-emerged as a significant adjunct in modern plastic and reconstructive surgery. Originally associated with ancient bloodletting practices, leeches are now recognized as “living microsurgical devices” due to their unique ability to relieve venous congestion, enhance tissue survival, and promote wound healing. Their saliva contains a cocktail of bioactive molecules with anticoagulant, fibrinolytic, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilatory properties. This review provides an in-depth analysis of their historical significance, mechanism of action, clinical applications, complications, and recent advances, while highlighting future perspectives such as mechanical leeches, recombinant biomolecules, and genomic exploration.